Skip to content
FOR ENTREPRENEURS · MISSIONMission

Your ambition.Your enterprise.

A customer list offered in a business sale needs an explanation of what rights and relationships the buyer actually acquires. E-2 requires qualifying treaty nationality, substantial capital irrevocably committed and at risk, a real operating non-marginal enterprise and development and direction. Canada is an E-2 treaty country; the investor ordinarily establishes development and direction through at least 50% ownership or operational control. A list’s price or number of names does not guarantee continuing revenue or immigration eligibility, and E-2 provides no direct path to permanent residence. The investment decision should be tested against the purchaser’s actual legal rights, operating plan, and exposure to loss. Hypothetical example: a commercial-laundry entrepreneur agrees to buy equipment, lease rights, and service accounts, but several account agreements require client consent before assignment. The application should distinguish completed transfers from hoped-for renewals. Funds must be committed so that they remain exposed to loss, and the enterprise cannot be structured merely to support the investor’s household. The investor must lead and control the business; a passive purchase does not meet that role. A useful first review ends with a commitment ledger: funds available, funds paid, refund rights, assets obtained, and obligations still awaiting consent. It should also assign ownership and operational responsibility clearly. If revenue relies on contracts that cannot be assigned, revise the forecast before filing rather than assume the customer relationship follows the seller automatically.

Talk about E-2
PurposeDevelop and direct a business
InvestmentSubstantial and at risk
Fixed minimumNo universal dollar threshold
01

Identify the rights behind the customer data

Hypothetical example: a buyer is offered a customer list and trade name, but no service contracts are included. Record what is legally transferred, any use restrictions and the basis for expected business. Do not describe every listed customer as committed to the buyer. Separate a customer list from enforceable revenue. Review assignment clauses, cancellation rights, consent requirements, and the person who will perform each service. A forecast should identify its assumptions and sources. This lets a reviewer assess whether the enterprise has a real operating basis rather than an unsupported sales projection.

02

Assess the resulting operating enterprise

Explain services, staff, resources and supported revenue assumptions. The enterprise must meet the applicable non-marginality analysis; substantiality is assessed against the actual cost of purchasing or establishing it, without a universal minimum. Commercial optimism is not a substitute for the business evidence. Trace each dollar from lawful source through the transaction documents to its current commitment. Explain escrow terms, financing security, refunds, and any conditions still outstanding. Receipts should line up with bank records and signed agreements; otherwise a payment may look like a reversible plan rather than money genuinely exposed to business risk.

03

Trace the investor’s commitment and authority

Document lawful source and path, ownership, qualifying nationality and development-and-direction rights. Read deposits, staged payments and refund terms on their actual provisions. A signed list purchase does not by itself establish all the investment or enterprise requirements. Choose a launch sequence that fits the contracts and the proposed status. Secure business rights, document ownership and control, then show staffing, premises, and operating steps. A visa decision does not cure a missing commercial right, and completing a purchase does not itself authorize work before proper admission or status.

04

Establish treaty ownership and lawful funding

The enterprise generally must be at least 50% owned by nationals of the relevant treaty country. Trace the actual ownership chain and the lawful source and path of the investment capital. Applicant residence is not a substitute for nationality, and a bank receipt alone may not establish ownership or funding history.

SOURCES FOR THIS GUIDE

Sources reviewed 2026-09-07. This guide covers a preparation focus; it is not an individual eligibility assessment.

PUT THE DETAILS TO WORK

Guides for your next decision.

E-2 · MISSION

YOUR QUESTIONS.
A CLEARER START.

KEEP EXPLORING

A LITTLE MORE CLARITY.